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Camera DSP

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This page serves to document information about the NUI Camera DSP, its architecture, instruction set, firmware, and capabilities.

Getting firmware

As discussed on the mailinglist, the firmware package can be downloaded from Microsoft here. Rene Ladan has written a python script that unpacks Xbox360 files, linked here (BSD 2-clause license).

With these, you can extract the NuiCam.bin file from the archives and use segher's dis-nui (below) to start understanding the camera firmware.

Disassembler

Segher figured out the instruction set, and wrote a disassembler: http://git.infradead.org/users/segher/dis-nui.git

 < segher> http://git.infradead.org/users/segher/dis-nui.git
 < segher> have fun :-)
 < segher> the code in that NuiCam.bin starts at 2*0f14
 < segher> so cut it, and then run it through the disassembler
 < segher> it should start:
 < segher> 0000: 25d7   mov r5l,#d7
 < segher> 0001: 35a6   mov r5h,#a6
 < segher> 0002: bb05   mov pc,r5
 < segher> (which jumps to a6d7, this is the reset vector)

Registers

There are 16 general purpose registers, denoted r0 through r15. Each is 16 bits wide.

There may also be as many as 16 "s" registers and 16 "t" registers, although we don't see them all getting used, so some may not actually exist. Known special usages are noted below.

ABI:

  • Call params are r4, r5, r6, and then stack
  • Return register is r4 of r5:4
  • r4, r5, r6, r13, and flags are callee-clobbered
  • All other registers are callee-saved
Register Other names Description
r0
r1
r2
r3
r4 ABI: first return value goes here. Obviously, callee may modify.
r5 ABI: Callee may modify
r6 ABI: Callee may modify
r7
r8
r9 ABI: Callee must preserve
r10
r11
r12 ABI: stack pointer (nothing special in hardware, just ABI)
r13 ABI: Callee may modify. Generally used as a temp register, gets used for long calls a lot
r14
r15
Register Other names Description
s0 pc Program counter
s1 lr link register
s2 ilr interrupt link register
s3
s4
s5
s6
s7
s8 Unused, as far as we know
s9
s10
s11 Unused, as far as we know
s12 Unused, as far as we know
s13 Unused, as far as we know
s14 Unused, as far as we know
s15 Unused, as far as we know
Register Other names Description
t0
t1 Unused by Primesense firmware
t2
t3 Unused by primesense firmware
t4 Unused by primesense firmware
t5 ctr Counter, used for loops
t6
t7
t8
t9
t10 Unused by primesense firmware
t11 Unused by primesense firmware
t12
t13
t14
t15


Instructions

Info about semantics of particular instructions goes here

Questions

  • What does the "bloop $ARG" instruction do? decrement ctr, branch if not zero to $ARG?
    • answer goes here

Put outstanding questions here.

Random disorganized notes/quotes

Feel free to merge these into above sections where appropriate, they're written down so they won't be forgotten.

On 32-bit handling:

 04:03 < zarvox> segher: the std r4, (r12)- syntax - does that mean "load r4 with the data pointed to by r12, then decrement r12"? # wow, that was a dumb question <_<
 04:04 < segher> it means "store r5 to where r12 points to ; decrement r12 ; store r4 where r12 points to ; decrement r12
 04:05 < zarvox> okay, so that's done with implied register pairs?
 04:05 < zarvox> that's the 32-bit handling?
 04:05 < segher> yeah
 04:05 < segher> that's the "d" thing

Comparisons/branching:

 00:13 < segher> cmp/bcc is "unsigned smaller than"
 00:13 < segher> cmp/bcs is "unsigned greater or equal"

Shifts:

 00:58 < zarvox> segher: shrd = shift right double; any guess as to if there's rotation or sign extension involved?
 01:01 < segher> zarvox: shr is unsigned right shift, dropping the bits that are shifted out
 01:01 < segher> and shifting zeroes in at the top end\
 01:02 < segher> asr is arith right shift; shifting sign bits in, and rounding
 01:02 < segher> i'm not sure what exactly rounding does; i think it depends on some mode bits